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Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享，俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦，俺先来个免责声明：1。杨同学不认识俺，也没有授权俺，如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止；2。俺没有商业目的，译版版权归杨同学，俺啥也不要，也不承担法律责任；3。没有杨同学授权，不敢擅自发在国外网站，发在原帖处，荣誉归8264；4。俺英语水平有限，欢迎指正，欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分，不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦，希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子，原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co， where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30)， 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([]

夫婦で挑戦

陈婉友

开封，一个离徐州仅有300公里的古都，行摄十年，来来回回往返经过了N次，却一直都没能一览风貌，2014年6月6日，利用周末的空闲时间专门到开封一游，也算了了一个心愿。徐州—开封，交通非常方便，三个多小时火车便可直达。周五下班后，回家简单收拾了下行李，背上背包，晚上十点多则到达了开封站，开封，这个有着多种别称的古老都城，我终于来了！ 6月7日开封下车晚上1000，找到预定宾馆安顿下来，第二天一大早就前往汴河，开始了开封的游览。开封行的第一个游览地为中国翰园。中国翰园位于开封市龙亭湖风景区西北隅，是李公涛先生带领全家自筹资金发起创建的一座融山水艺术景观和古典园林建筑艺术为一体，集古今中外诗词、书画、碑刻艺术之大成的文化园林。因为来的太早了，翰园还没开门，只能局限在大门外游览了。玉带桥玉带桥位于南大门外，拱高而薄，形若玉带。桥栏望柱雕有线条流畅的纹络图案，柱头上38对蹲卧狮子，雕工精细，形象生动。轩辕黄帝塑像轩辕黄帝塑像系花岗岩雕塑而成，高达18米，生动展现了黄帝的神圣庄严与崇高。塑像底座上，"人文始祖轩辕黄帝"八个大字由全国人大副委员长楚图南先生书写。基座台阶中央有七条蟠龙汉白玉浮雕，象征开封是七朝古都；基座玉石栏杆上的龙头浮雕，象征着炎黄子孙都是龙的传人。中国翰园碑林占地120亩，由一岭、二潭、三山、三台、三湖、三湾、三岛、三泉、五溪、九瀑、十峰、十二桥、十二亭组成，分园林、碑廊两大景观。南部以园林风景为主，由南向北依次建有南牌楼、玉带桥、轩辕黄帝塑像、家训碑、盘龙岭、高风亭、文萃山、翰园湖、赛诗台、仰圣山、九曲桥、孔子像、金石岛等。因为进不了园林，只能在河边远远的“遥望”。进不了翰园，索性就在汴河边溜达。天波杨府就坐落在汴河对面。之前对开封的印象只是停留在包公的开封府，没想到这中原城市开封还是个“一城宋韵半城水”的美丽都城。今天主要的目的是游览清明上河园，可这景点是按时按点开门的，趁着等开门的时间空挡，先在附近转转，没成想，这位于清明上河园边上的七盛角还真是个不错的地方。七盛角是开封首个集旅游、文化、休闲、餐饮、购物为一体的全仿宋建筑项目开封建业东京梦华七盛角文化民俗街。也就是大家口中常说的民俗一条街，但因这个“街”位于汴河边上，又紧邻清明上河园，因此，一条汴河将这条街变的灵动美丽了起来。正是这座桥将汴河水引入了城区，让整座城与汴河结为了一体。这座桥就称为天波桥。刚开始游览开封，就看到了这么一泓碧波，心情一下就清爽了起来。集锦桥是七盛角的一座木质廊桥，是仿造南方的古桥而建，看上去与浙江福建的廊桥有的一比。([]

艾迪在线醉地花街祥子

吴怡昌

“百感交集！”这是出发前，大家做出发感言时我说的话，没想到，五天的穿越，我才真正体会她的含意！我来过，我走过，我体会过；我爱过，我恨过，可是我知道，在这条路上已经无法回头了。雪山沟位于天山西部伊连哈比尔尕峰南麓，东距独库公路乔尔玛120公里，西距尼勒克80公里，北与乌苏古尔图镇接壤。两者之间有一条神秘的马道鲜为人知，在过去的岁月里它是南北双方马贼经常出没的地方，随着马贼被不断的打击，这条马道渐渐被人们忘记....... 这条线路是伊犁行者户外于2012年7月探明走穿，因其穿越难度仅次于狼塔C线，故而命名为：小狼C。从知道这条活动的路线到我参加中间差不多有两个月的时间，其实我不曾犹豫，我只是没有准备好。从五月份第一次知道户外，到走这样的长线我只有三个月的时间，没有走过一条一天或是两天的短线，我为自己的这个决定一直不安。不是不相信自己，是我不知道出去后到底会有多少的不可预知。感谢五味瓶，是他一直鼓励我，耐心，细致的解答我的各种问。活动是8月9号——13号，这个日子对我来说，真的不是好事。一直在咨询有经验的驴，我要不要采取措施让我的经期推后，各种说法的结果是对身体不好，我做着顺其自然的准备。7号，我出发去伊宁市，一路的不顺，眼镜丢了，早餐没了，车在半路抛锚了。。。我告诉自己：好事多磨。8号凌晨5点，我到达伊宁市，安顿好住宿地天已经麻亮了。这几天一直感觉经期要来，这个让我纠结，一早出门去了药店，毫不犹豫的买了短期避孕药，在药店就吃下了，希望可以将经期推后。这一天，热情的米菲一直陪着我，准备着临行前的小东西。去拿了给每个人分配的食物，5公斤。其实我一直很混乱，已经有两天的时间了，我不知道如何写下这五天的经历，不知道如何下手。就是连最简单的记录，我都做不到。。。活动领队：孤魂雪杉五味瓶参加队员：尘烟（父子）塞外の西风黑骏马米菲七彩过客（母女）张单谢星星咖啡不加糖（夫妻）柠檬树孤魂。被伊犁的驴友们亲切的称为：驴爹。伊犁户外的领队之王，非他莫属。55岁的他，全队负重最重。遇有险境总是一“驴”当先雪杉。一直走在最前面探路，大家的方向。本人一直觉得他很文艺，戏喊他文艺青年。歌唱得很好。伊犁当之无愧的领队之首。摄影大师。五味瓶。大众情人。耐心，细致，周到，伊犁户外的后起之秀。尘烟父子。尘烟是我们这次的摄影，我的图片很多来自于他的作品。儿子苏涛，90后小伙子，很坚强。父子俩曾骑行独山子--库车217线。塞外の西风。话不多，但很细心。与我一起在队前走了三天。强驴一个，头一天晚上精疲力竭，第二天早晨依然可以走在队前。黑骏马。强驴一个，话也不多，但会为大家默默做事。他、我和塞外の西风，相互鼓励在队前一同走过三天。米菲。很有女人味，性格很开朗。过河时总是会喊：“唉哟！妈呀！”七彩。很细心，很会照顾人。每天晚上扎营后，总是默默的协助驴爹为大家准备晚餐。过客母女。队中年纪最小的女孩子静静，只有十四岁。可谓小强驴。张单。很帅气的小伙子。咖啡不加糖夫妇。一对在路上结下的姻缘夫妻。相互的爱好，相互扶持，一起走过。柠檬树。只为曾经走过，路过，经历过，我独自一人与伊犁的驴友们一起感悟了五天。一生都不会忘记的五天。谢。不知道应该算是新疆人还是湖南人。19岁前在伊犁，19岁后去了湖南，现在又回来。她自己说，在湖南她不是湖南人，在新疆她也不是新疆人。强驴一个，穿着一双不是走长线重装的鞋，走了五天长线重装。星星。真正的强驴娃子一个。看着探路的雪杉的脚后跟走了两天，跟着翻达坂的驴爹第一个翻过最后一个达坂的女孩子，在读高中生。大家都建议孤魂和雪杉收她做关门弟子。第一天（8月9号）早晨六点半，米菲打电话叫我起床。七点多一点，我们已经来到了集合地点。大家整装准备出发了。孤魂果断的让我卸下了帐篷，说女人坚决不背帐篷，我很感动，这是为了给女人减负。我们一行十七人坐着大巴车先是来到尼勒克，然后转乘一辆50年代生产的六驱嘎斯车朝山里进发了。在这里不得不特别交待一下这辆六驱嘎斯车，我们进山的头天晚上下雨，路上满是泥泞，这车牛X到遇沟过沟，遇坎过坎，遇泥泞深陷地过泥泞深陷地，遇坡爬坡，由于它的给力，我们少走了四公里的路。集合。整装待发。。。到达尼勒克转乘的牛X六驱嘎斯车装车，装人，装驴瞧这范。。。大哥大呀这路对这辆牛X的六驱嘎斯车来说如履平地骑马的牧民、跟随的牧狗，眼望着一车兴奋的驴，不明就里到达二牧场目的地，全体合影，我们的五天将从这里真正开始简单的午餐居然有卤鸡吃，那是相当的给力呀大家收拾装备，上包，出发。。。行走的第一站，过河，还好有横木，走过这段独木桥就回不了头了。在这里，我要特别感谢孤魂大哥，因为我有恐高症，假装很镇静的我，无比惶恐，是驴爹牵着我的手，走过了这第一站，让后面的我坚定无比的战胜着自己。沿着这样的马道，我们走向大山深处渐入密林稍作休息。后面的人马还未到，开路的雪杉又上路了第一天，这样的上坡大家走得还算轻松第一次过河失败，水大，水急，孤魂怕女人过不去，放弃了这个过河点，继续寻找过河点上天庇佑。在第一次放弃的过河点上游不远处居然有一横在河面上的松木，孤魂和雪杉选择在这里过河，免去了大家的冰冻之苦。孤魂依然一“驴”当先。过河后大家稍作休整沿着河道大家穿行在密林中山中的野果山花烂漫，无人欣赏她也开得如是娇艳野果扎营。准备晚餐。驴爹是大厨，五天里都是他为我们准备丰富的晚餐。户外的男人们都很细心、周详，一扎好营，男人们就会先烧上开水，让我们这些女人们喝上暖暖身子，也会在瓶子里灌上热水让我们放在睡袋里暖脚驱寒。在这样无人的松林深处，我们这些女人们体会着、享受着男人们的百般呵护。驴爹出发前给大家炒了一大锅的肉哨子。我们五天的营养美味。瞧！咱的作料还全活着呢吧茄子炒肉专为素食者炒的葫芦在路上采的蘑菇，直接蘑菇炒肉了各种吃，那是相当的香呀餐后小酌两杯，既驱寒又暖身。在这里五味瓶深情一唱，歌声在这寂静的山林里份外的悠扬第一天路程不是很远，孤魂和雪杉说第一天让大家热热身，不能走太多的路，不能让大家拉伤。很细心的领队。驴爹给每个帐篷发了一瓶红花油，睡前再三交待我们把关节各处都擦擦，搓搓，既可解乏，又可驱寒，说这山里湿气重。说实话，第一天，我的两个肩膀和两边的胯就隐隐地疼，按照驴爹的说法擦了红花油。钻进帐篷，寂静的山林里不远处河水冲撞岩石的声音一直在耳畔，一直的失眠依然困扰着我，一夜无眠。。。（待续）第一天，行程八公里，海拔上升336米。我们五天重装徒步的起始点塞口阔拉沟口海拔1980米，晚上8点扎营点海拔2316米。第一天的行程写完，我就写不下去了，因为不是自己想要的，不满意。语言不满意，图片也不满意，相机在我包里几乎背了五天没有拿出来过，原因只有自己知道。。。每天都真的好累，根本没有一点点想要照相的冲动，笨重的相机挂在脖子上实在是个累赘。。。唉！第二天（8月10号）几乎是苦等到天明，七点半，驴爹的一嗓子：起床了！拉开了这一天的一幕。钻出帐篷，外面很冷，天已大亮，高大的松林中，点缀着我们那几顶绚烂的帐篷，氤氲的空气和天光。潮湿的空气吸入肺中，冰冷、畅快。山花仍旧烂漫，今天是一个好天气，上天垂爱着我们这一群痴狂的驴。这个早晨我还能做到洗个脸，刷个牙，还细心的梳了一下我的小辫，在以后的几天里，这一切都免了，离冰川越来越近，河水越来越刺骨，我连碰一下的勇气都没有。早餐既简单又丰盛。奶茶、豆浆、馕、肉。由于没有睡好，我毫无胃口，塞一嘴巴的食物，就是咽不下去，米菲、五味瓶一直在劝我多吃点，不然没有体力。真心谢谢他们。八点半拔营出发。这一天，我们又过了一次独木桥，过了三道河。而我，很幸运的过了两道河，还都是五味瓶把我背过去的，这两道河是我们过的水流最急、最深的河，每每想到此，心中的感激之情真的不能言表，没有经历过的人真的体会不了，在河水中多走一趟是多么的痛苦，对自身的伤害又是多么的大，站在刺骨的河水中，感觉到的是钻心的刺痛。而这些男人们要来回走好几趟，背人，背包。而我之所以能少过一趟河，那是我第一次体会到，人原来可以离死亡那么近，那么近，只需要脚下一滑。。。当大部人还没过完河时，我和黑马跟着雪杉已经又上路了，沿着河道继续走，雪杉一直想给我们再找一处地方，试图不下水就可以到河的对岸。我没有想到就是这样的一跟，让我第一次知道“户外有风险”这句话的真正意义。当我们沿着河道走时，一直没有找到合适的过河点，而前面又无路可走了，唯一可以做的就是爬上左侧很陡的山坡，浅露的草皮，打滑的沙砾，感觉垂直八十度的坡度，我几乎是全身趴在山坡上爬行，就这样，身后很重的包依然有随时都会把我拉下山坡的感觉，手没有可以扶，可以抓的地方，脚没有可以踩，可以扒牢的地方，看着雪杉和黑马过去的地方，我却没有可以下脚的去处，在那一刻，惶恐油然而生，一身的冷汗，看着向山下滚落的小石块，我感觉那就是我自己，只要一个不小心，只要脚下一滑，可能连一声惊叫都来不及发出。。。当我终于爬上山坡，对着黑马说的第一句话就是：我***要是再爬一次这样的山，我就不是人。黑马无语的笑我，看得出来，他也爬得很惊心。而这句话，在第三天里，得到了很好的验证：我只是一头驴，一头强悍、倔强的驴。。。所幸的是孤魂领着剩下的大部人马，没有跟着我们爬那个山坡，他们选择了在山坡下过河，这是英明的孤魂做的最英明的决定。第二天过独木桥，大家已经没有惊心动魄了，都过得很从容。孤魂给每个过桥的驴们交待着要领。男驴们都拿着两个包过桥，女人大多都是不负重过去的。我也已经可以过得很从容了，过之前孤魂跟我说，手千万不要放开绳子，不论遇到什么情况都不要松开抓着绳子的手。那一刻，我知道，原来大家挑战的都是自己，自己才是自己的敌人。而我跟自己过招，胜了一个回合。五味瓶最后把我的包背过了河。感谢伊犁的男人们。继续上路，松林渐远了终于有了稍微平坦点的路，开始有了裸露的岩石，说明我们的海拔在一步步升高护山金牛？看谁敢从此过。。。走这段的时候，一直有一头牛跟着我走了很长一段路，吓得我要命，一直怀疑是不是我穿的衣服的原故，所以这段路，我脚下可是生风一般呀，感谢牛大哥了这马。。。这牛。。。绝了过河。这是过的第一道河，河宽，水流急，河水深。难度高。感谢五味瓶，将我背过了河。趴在他背上我都可以感觉到水流得很急，他脚下走不稳。咖啡背着两个包过河，河水太急，他脚下站不稳，在这里摔到了河里，还好人没事，只是冲走了他的一双鞋。可见这看似平缓的河面，其实水流很急的过完河，休息，简单的午餐。继续上路，今天的任务还没有完成。一步步朝冰达坂进发裸露的岩石更多了在这样的巨石间，我们走了很长时间。会当凌绝顶沼泽里湿湿苔藓上开的小花。生命有时真的很惊人，你看开的多惊艳不知名的花开在这湿漉漉的湿地里，也不忘展现自己的美草地大片退却，空气中的冷气提醒着我们，离冰川越来越近了这泉水，入口甘甜我无语了。。。小花踩上去软软的，下面都是水这红配绿咋就这么美呢顽强的生命在哪里都能开出醉人花来，顽强的生命在哪里都可以展示自己的美丽。在我爬坡的时候，大队人马正在过的第三道河看来河水依然很急，大队人马过河时，我们已经在另外一个山头了。胆战心惊后，小憩一会，给自己压压惊。过河扎营。第二天的晚餐是面条、三菜。五味瓶知道我不太吃肉，专门炒了素莲花白早早给我盛了出来。当我把黑马下的挂面拌在碗里，我依然毫无味口，一碗饭从头吃到尾。说实话，由于海拔太高，面根本就煮不熟，然然的，黑马看出了我吃不下去，一个劲的跟我说，必须吃完，必须吃完，不许剩饭。驴爹也看出我吃不下去，叫我过去把蒜苔炒肉的热汤给我盛了些，米菲、五味瓶都在劝我多吃些。现在想起，我依然满含感激的泪水。大家如亲人般的关心，呵护着我。在这里我真心谢谢一起走过的伊犁的驴友们，是你们让我体会到户外真的亲如一家。谢谢你们！！白天跟五味瓶说起我睡不着，让他晚上把手表给我，我只想知道夜的时间走的有多慢，睡前五味瓶专门把他的表给我，虽然由于没电，那表我啥时候看都是一点半，但这一点也不影响我对伊犁驴友的感激。（待续）第二天：行程14公里，海拔上升930米。（扎营地海拔3048米）第三天（8月11号）第三天，依然是七点半，驴爹的一嗓子：起床了！拉开了这一天的序幕。早晨的山中，依然是个好天气。没有城市的喧嚣，没有城市的狼烟。吸入肺中的是大自然再清新不过的氧气了。简单的早餐后，大家整装出发。对于这一天，我的思绪、我的记忆一直很混乱，记得最清晰的就是翻冰达坂（3670米），在我感觉中是又一次体验了生与死的距离。这一天过了四趟河，冰川下的河水，依然钻心刺骨的疼。这一天我冻得几乎失温，夜晚睡在四周都是水的河床上，一晚上都是冰冷，感觉身子底下都是水，一晚上我都将手垫在腰下。漫山遍野的小花生命在这里释诠真正的高山雪菊天地的尤物漫山遍野的雪菊高山野罂粟点点滴滴的小花点缀着这高山之巅冰川就在眼前了绿草、岩石、碎石破、千年的冰川娇艳向冰川一步步靠近跨过这冰川河流、走过这草地([]

国产专利久久2022

杨美韵

从印度回来快两个月，直到现在我都无法用言语来准确的形容我对印度的感觉在国人眼里，印度与中国是那样的近，国土相连仅一山之隔然而，印度又是那样的遥远，由于两国之间缺少沟通和交流，我们对印度的认识仅仅局限在泰姬陵与恒河上印度这个古老神秘的东方大国，是个充满矛盾、一切都那么浓烈的神奇世界它历史悠久、民族混杂、文化纷呈、宗教众多，风光旖旎，人们热情内向……它人口众多、基础设施落后、卫生状况糟糕、贫富差距巨大、交通混乱不堪……你能在这里找到最好的东西，你也能在这里找到最坏的印度在每一个和它有过交集的人的生命里是不同的如果有人告诉你印度是多么多么地差劲，你要相信他；如果有人告诉你印度是多么多么地美好，你也要相信他现代与古代、奢华与贫穷、纵欲与禁欲、草率与效率、温和与粗暴、城市与村落，民主与种姓……印度的一切一切，是如此的不可思议印度的旅游宣传语是“Incredible India”在你不曾踏上过这片土地时，对这两个字显然不会有过分的认同感可当你真真地感受过印度之后，会发现，这个词，再合适不过你此时的心情北印，2个人，16天，8个城市，行程7000多公里心情，从最初的忐忑、警惕、紧张、害怕、茫然，到逐渐习惯印度的节奏，再到最后的不舍这就是超乎想象的印度这就是令人惊喜迷恋的印度这就是真实平和的印度这就是不可思议的印度很多时候，话到嘴边，却无力组织语言，就用照片的方式展现，那是瞬间无法用语言表达清楚的故事。有的时候，突然间因为某一件事、某一个人、某一个场景而感动，很想写出很多话，拿出来和朋友们分享。所以我和Amy（8264ID：斯里兰卡小妞）用文字和照片记录着北印旅行的一些点滴，更多的是表达我们俩个人在印度的感受。关于印度，不能简单用好与坏来表达，可能只有你真正站到那片土地，才能得到一个自己想要的答案。正如应该作家V.S.奈保尔所说“印度是不能被评判的,印度只能以印度的方式被体验”----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------第一部分：攻略1、关于行程2、关于印度证3、关于印度交通4、关于印度吃住5、关于货币及汇率6、关于印度消费水平和购物7、关于印度人和印度旅行注意事项第二部分：游记1、加尔各答，一切都是未知2、瓦拉纳西，地狱还是天堂3、德里，来去匆匆4、阿姆利则，锡克教的共产主义5、阿格拉，没落的辉煌6、泰姬陵，闪耀着的一滴爱的眼泪7、斋普尔，粉红色的回忆8、焦特布尔，寻找属于我的那片蓝9、乌代普尔,印度独一无二的浪漫10、再回德里，再会印度阿格拉，泰姬陵阿姆利则，金庙日出斋普尔，琥珀堡https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1546176-pid-25386809.html 关于行程当决定前往印度的那一刻起，到最后购买印度火车票止，我都在纠结印度的行程和每天安排。看着近300万平方公里的印度地图，除了起始的加尔各答，一切都是未知。看了很多关于印度的游记和攻略，鉴于印度的各种不靠谱和不确定因素，保险起见，我把目定在北印，选择一条最成熟、最传统的旅行路线。加尔各答（Kolkata）、德里（Delhi），一个起点，一个终点，必须要去。瓦拉纳西（VaranASI），阿格拉（Agra），一个印度教圣城，一个泰姬陵所在地，这两个城市也不能错过。剩下的就在拉贾斯坦的四色城、锡克教圣城的阿姆利则（Amritsar）、性都克久拉霍（Khajuraho）、佛教圣地菩提迦耶（Bodh Gaya）和库什那伽（Kushinagar）、喜马拉雅脚下的大吉岭（Darjeeling）中选择。因为行程只有短短16天，印度交通又不是很便捷，最后根据城市特点、历史意义和我的个人喜好选择了四色城中的粉城斋普尔（Jaipur）、蓝城焦特布尔（Jodhpur）、白城乌代普尔（Udaipur）和印巴边界的阿姆利则。行程中间紧两头松，尽量选择夜班火车，留出更多时间感悟印度。日程安排9.30 天津--昆明--加尔各答10.1 加尔各答--瓦拉纳西（晚上火车，第二天一早到）10.2 瓦拉纳西10.3 瓦拉纳西--德里（晚上火车，第二天一早到）10.4 德里--阿姆利则（下午火车，晚上到）10.5 阿姆利则10.6 阿姆利则--阿格拉（晚上火车，第二天一早到）10.7 阿格拉--法塔赫布尔西格里--阿格拉10.8 阿格拉--斋普尔（中午大巴，下午到）10.9 斋普尔--焦特布尔（傍晚火车，晚上到）10.10焦特布尔10.11焦特布尔--乌代普尔（中午大巴，晚上到）10.12乌代普尔10.13乌代普尔--德里（晚上火车，第二天早晨到）10.14德里10.15德里--上海--北京--天津关于印度证曾经印度证给我的感觉是要求多、拒率高、证有效期短。第一时间我想到通过淘宝代，后来对比了一下所需材料和印度证中心要求并无差别，不像通过中介代东南亚国家，可以省去存款证明、工作证明等等各种繁琐材料。既然材料都要准备，那不如自己跑一趟送，即安全又省钱。根据印度证中心规定，所有申请人必须根据领区划分到对应的印度证申请中心申请证。上海、浙江、江苏的申请人必须到上海的印度证申请中心递交证，广东、福建、广西、海南、湖南、四川和云南各省的申请人必须到广州的印度证申请中心递交证，其它不在上述各省的申请人必须到北京的印度证申请中心递交证。不过如果你户籍在广东，在天津工作，你是可以到北京印度证中心递交证申请的。我是在北京印度证中心申请的证，所以我掌握的方法适用于北京，其他地区只能参考，具体请到印度证中心网站（https//www.vfs-india.com.cn）查询。具体的流程是：1、在印度证中心网站在线填写申请表格并提交。2、提交申请表并保存打印表格，然后按照证中心所要求的材料一并带到证中心提交申请，可以委托他人递交。3、受理后五个工作日凭护照号和姓名可以查询状态。4、护照状态正常并显示返还证中心后便可以前往证中心领取，也可以在递交资料办理证时选择邮寄的方式或者委托他人领取。所需材料（个人旅游证）1、在线申请表（在线递交后打印一份，贴上照片并名）2、护照复印件（信息页和名页）3、正确的证费用（349元旅游证费用+165元证中心服务费用）4、1张5cmX5cm白底正面照（北京证中心只要一张）5、银行10000元三个月冻结期的存款证明原件6、往返机票订单复印件7、申请人公司或学校信函原件（英文，要求打印在包含完整邮政地址、电话和传真的抬头纸上，加盖公章及负责人亲笔名）8、身份证正反面复印件9、行程安排（需本人亲自名，多人一起办理，可以用同一份行程单，但必须都要亲笔名）这里详细说几点：1、在线填写申请，证中心网站有填表指南，按照要求一步步填写非常简单，不过在最后提交前，确认好是否有错误，提交后是无法修改，只能重新填写。2、关于存款冻结证明到银行一问便知。不用多存钱，也不用长时间冻结，只要冻结期覆盖申请的旅行时间即可。3、申请人公司信函需要包括申请人姓名、护照号码、工作年限、职位信息、年收入及准假声明，打印在含公司LOGO及完整邮政地址、电话和传真的抬头纸上，加盖公章并由负责人亲笔名。4、我只按照要求提供了简单的行程安排，并未提供酒店预订单及印度火车票订单等。个人觉得按照官方要求提交材料即可，额外材料证中心是不收取的。5、我是出发前一个月提交的申请，北京证中心的也建议提前一个月提交，以防证官只给一个月有效期的证（看穷游上有朋友就这样悲剧过）。6、证中心电话很好打入，如有任何问直接电话过去咨询好了，态度马马虎虎。关于印度的交通在印度旅行多日之后，我发现最大的挑战不是到达一个地方，而是怎样到达。我没有选择飞机，一是机场距离市区远，太过浪费时间，二是在不靠谱的印度，飞机的安全性我不得不慎重考虑。我也很少选择长途大巴，印度的路况之差，超载之严重，长时间的走走停停，总叫我心生绝望。所以我更多选择还是火车。火车印度国土面积大，城市间距离远，交通设施落后，对于旅行时间有限的旅行者，夜班火车成为既安全又节约时间的交通工具。我都是在国内通过ClearTrip网站提前半个多月预订的火车票，然后把电子订单存在手机里直接上车。我没有冒险去火车站排队购买，后来我觉得这个决定非常正确。先不说临时能不能买到合适车票，就是看到车站人山人海场景，就会叫你不知所措。在印度火车站，你随时都能感受到中国春运式的拥挤。如果你行程固定，你就提前在国内预定好车票吧，哪怕临时改变行程，退票费也不高，按照我经验，临时购买始发长途车票还是比较难的。关于ClearTrip订票，网上有很详细的订票攻略。整体感觉ClearTrip还是比较好用的，我除了一次支付失败外，其余全都一次成功。在做行程规划时，通过ClearTrip实时查询火车的班次、余票状况也对行程的计划有很大帮助。关于印度火车等级，网上也有很详细的介绍说明。除了Delhi到Amritsar外，我全程都是乘坐的AC3且都是上铺（upper）。一般来说，我还是建议选择AC3，性价比最高。AC3车厢封闭带有空调，并且提供床单和毛毯，既不怕过冷过热也不怕吵，便于晚上休息。据我观察，SLEEP以下等级车厢大都敞开窗户，夜间风和噪音都会很大。关于铺别，个人觉得能选择上铺（upper）尽量选择上铺。中铺（Middle）和下铺（Lower）都面临着同样问----不方便提早休息。白天中铺是收起来的，而下铺坐满了人。后来我发现靠近过道的边铺也是一个非常好的选择。边铺分为上铺（Side Lower）与下铺（Side Upper）两个铺位，拉上帘子成为一个独立的私密空间，既可以躺着看窗外的风景，也可以靠在隔断上看书。以前我看有评论说边铺不适合170cm以上的人，我试了一下，175CM以下的人躺下没有问，如果以后再去印度，我会选择边铺。提醒一点，尽量不要预订车厢头尾靠近车门的上铺，那里是空调的出风口，风很大很冷，而且脚下没有挡板，当脚伸出床外很容易被开关的车门碰到。关于火车的卫生状况，我觉得完全可以接受，火车上提供的床单和枕头套都是新洗干净的，乘坐AC3的印度乘客卫生意识也比较强，每天清晨都有乘务员来清扫车厢，所以我感觉至少不比国内硬卧车厢卫生状况差。曾经有朋友提到印度火车上老鼠、蟑螂到处跑，除了在去Jodpur的火车上看到一不明物体乱窜，在其他火车上没有看到任何老鼠和蟑螂，也没有蚊子，可能和乘务员喷洒杀虫剂有关。关于火车上饮食，我感觉参差不齐，大多时候是比较难吃的。印度火车上会有乘务员兜售各种饮料、水、茶、冰淇淋、素三明治及咖喱饭，但是质量因不同的列车公司而不同。晚餐是要提前预定的，有乘务员过来询问，一般8点之后开始提供，饭菜基本上都是两种咖喱（有的列车提供一荤一素，有的只提供素食），两张Naan和一份米饭。如果你错过的话，就只能忍饥挨饿了。我建议背包里最好放一些应急食品，以防万一，我在从Jaipur到Jodpur的火车上就不提供晚餐。关于行李寄存和防盗。很多人都对印度火车的盗窃现象描绘得很严重，其实一般来说，贵重物品放在身边，大件行李锁在铺下就没有问了，印度乘客也都是这么做的。火车站就有人兜售铁链和锁头，但是那个太重了，建议出发前在国内买那种小的线型密码锁就可以，整体来说AC3车厢安全状况还是值得信任的。车站CloakRoom提供寄存行李服务，每件行李10卢比一天。首先要填写一个寄存单，提供车票和护照，且每件行李必须要上锁，经工作人员核对后，便可以寄存。寄存行李也是一件考验你耐心的时候，除了工作人员每天有固定休息时间外，你还会经常会遇到一下子寄存十几件行李的乘客。关于火车站设施。火车站除了提供行李寄存服务，一般还都会提供不同等级的Waiting Room，而且还有女性专用的Lady's Waiting Room，进入休息室休息需要提供相等级的车票。休息室里有卫生巾，大的车站还提供Shower Room。虽然都是冷水淋浴，但是在炎热的印度，能冲个澡就已经很奢侈了。火车站大厅会有电子告示牌，提供各车次站台信息，站台也相应的有电子指示牌提供到站车次和车厢信息，不过最好还是和同站台的印度乘客确认一下。关于火车晚点，在印度我乘坐的6趟火车没有一次准点到站，大都晚点15分钟到半个小时，看来晚点是一个普遍现象，所以建议朋友们去印度旅行不宜把时间安排的过于紧凑，至少预留1小时的机动时间。印度火车到站是不报站名的，火车站扬声器里也都是印度语，所以以免坐过站，最好提前和同车的印度乘客打好招呼提醒你下车，我发现每一个印度乘客都能神奇的认出每一个车站。最后不得不提印度的“动车”，也就是日间行驶在各大城市之间的快车。它只提供空调座椅，并提供餐饮服务，所有费用包含着车票里。我在从德里到阿姆利则6个小时的火车上，乘务员在不停的提供饮品、小吃、甜点、正餐及冰淇淋，很遗憾当天我因为喝了过多的冰水而拉肚子，被Amy称作印度最好的咖喱饭和冰淇淋我都没有吃到，后悔后悔。汽车作为火车的补充，我在印度分别乘坐了几次汽车。长途客车一般来说长途客车分为官方和私人运营两种，两种都是可靠和值得信赖的。官方运营的车辆需要在各个城市的汽车站或者指定的售票处和网站购票，私人运营的购票则比较随意，多数旅店和旅行社都代售，比较方便。印度大多数长途客车都是没有空调的，车况尚可，但大多情况下都会超载。印度有一种比较特别的客车，就是坐铺和卧铺混合型的，底下是坐位，头顶是卧铺。拉贾斯坦邦运营着一些豪华的空调旅游大巴，车型主要是沃尔沃和奔驰，干净舒适，只是票价略贵，和火车卧铺接近。可以找旅行社通过网络预订，也可以自己到售票处购票。我在印度乘坐了两次长途客车，一次是从阿格拉前往斋普尔，还有一次是从焦特布尔到乌代普尔。去斋普尔是那种豪华大巴，舒适速度快，中间只靠站一次，方便乘客上厕所和吃饭。去乌代普尔则是普通的长途客车，虽然没有空调，但是开着车窗并不热，车内还算干净，不过该车几乎每个小城市都要停靠好久，路上浪费非常多的时间。短途客车一般连接大城市和周边地区，多数情况下在汽车站滚动发车，上车买票。有时你会发现他们的票价很随意，前后不一，不过你不用担心，一般差价也就是几卢比。汽车上基本都是印度文，上车前一定要确认好目的地。车型一般是中巴或者小巴，非常拥挤，超载严重。我从阿格拉去西格里乘坐了两次短途客车，座椅不是很舒服，车内也乱糟糟的，汽车走走停停，开的非常慢。公交车在印度的大城市有比较发达的公交系统，不过我也只是在斋普尔往返琥珀堡乘坐了两次，其余时候因为不了解如何乘坐，基本都是选择乘坐TUTU车。在德里、斋普尔有比较现代的公交车，有的还有空调，这些应该都是国营的公交车。同样还有很多小巴和中巴的私人公交车，这些车座位很少，腾出更大空间为了能装更多的乘客。出租车在印度机场和火车站外都会有预付费出租车，价格固定，虽然价格略高，但是免去和出租车司机讨价还价。先和柜台说明你要去的地址，工作人员便会报价，觉得没问就先付费，然后工作人员会给你一张收据，在外面便会有司机等候，中途不要将收据给司机，只有到了目的地才能给收据司机，收据是司机去得报酬的唯一凭证。印度的大街小巷里面穿梭着无数的TUTU车，这也是南亚、东南亚很多国家常见的市区活动代步工具。这些TUTU看似无法无天横冲直撞着，但是绝大多数情况下，还是比较安全的（除了让人崩溃的瓦拉纳西，那里随时都可能发生交通事故）。乘坐TUTU车之前先要确认好价格，一般情况下TUTU司机都会把价格开得很高，有时甚至会高的离谱，和这些TUTU司机砍价是最叫人崩溃的事情之一。除了确认好价格外，一定要说清楚去的地方地址，不到目的一般不要先付费，遇到黑心司机会见机投机取巧的。很多TUTU司机在你上车后不厌其烦推销旅店和纪念品店，他们都是为了拿回扣，如果不赶时间，去看看无妨，一般情况下还是要坚持不去。印度还有大量的人力三轮车，价格比TUTU车便宜，车夫都是一些年纪较大或者更贫苦的印度人，经常会被TUTU司机嘲笑。乘坐人力三轮车时候，我觉得不要把价格压得太低，或者给一些消费，这些卖体力的车夫是印度最底层的劳动者，非常辛苦。地铁德里和加尔各答都有地铁，乘坐很方便，乘坐方式和国内无异，对于交通混乱的印度，地铁绝对是一个便捷、便宜、快速的选择。不过，印度地铁站我感觉随时都像我们的早高峰，人山人海，非常拥挤，如果遇到素质低一些的印度人，推推搡搡，很使人恼火。印度地铁一般都有专门的女士车厢，偶尔你会在里面看到一些游客或者西方面孔男性乘客在里面。关于印度吃住吃印度的脏是出了名的，所以很多人担心印度食品的安全状况，再加上印度除了咖喱就是咖喱的传闻，对于爱吃的中国人来说，印度无疑是吃货的地狱，其实并不是这样。在印度半个多月，我和Amy没有因为吃造成腹泻，偶尔尝试了两次路边摊和当地人的小餐馆，我们都没有太大问，当然一般情况下我们首选还是看上去比较干净的餐馆。应该说，只要略加注意，不要刚到印度就去尝试马路摊点，应该不会有太大问。关于印度饮食的种类，印度和中国一样，国土面积大、民族多、信仰多，加上长时间的殖民历史，致使印度食物种类非常多，在印度菜单上我们除了看到印度本地特色的Thalis、Dosa、Butter Chicken、Biryani的食物，还能看到大量的Chinese Food、Korea Food、Isreal Food，并且同一种食物在不同城市做法、味道都差距很大。在印度可能使我不大习惯印度的饮食，一是宗教原因，大多餐馆只经营素食，而是印度饭菜口味比较重。在印度，80%以上都是印度教徒，加上严格吃素的佛教徒和耆那教徒，印度有半数以上的人素食主义者，毫不夸张的说，印度是素食王国。在很多城市，我根本无法找到任何经营肉食的餐馆，甚至一些西餐厅为了适应印度人饮食习惯会提供素汉堡和素披萨。印度大多地方天气比较热，为了增强食欲，他们的饭菜的口味都比较重，游客不太容易接受。住印度每个大城市几乎都有一个背包客聚集的地方，像位于新德里火车站对面的Main Bazzar、加尔各答的萨德街、瓦拉纳西的迷宫小巷、乌代普尔的皮丘拉湖周围等等，在这些地方高中低档住宿一应俱全，非常容易寻找。印度大多客栈房间提供电扇，少数房间提供制冷扇和空调，我感觉在拉贾斯坦、德里这些现对干燥的城市，电扇可以完全满足要求，而加尔各答、瓦拉纳西则显得潮湿闷热，最好还是选择有空调的房间。印度还有很多客栈不提供热水洗浴，只有冷水淋浴，就算有的客栈有电热水器，但因为年久失修，大都工作不正常，入住时一定要检查仔细。关于住宿预订，一般旅行我是不喜欢提前预定的，因为我觉得预订价格高而且没有办法看到房间实际情况。不过在印度的经历，我感觉，印度大多数客栈预订与实际谈价价格差别很小，因为很多客栈都是老板雇人经营，价格固定，店员没有办法给你什么优惠。热门客栈房间还是很紧张的，几乎每天都住满，还是提前预订好。关于货币及汇率印度货币是卢比，经观察可以支持几乎所有大国货币兑换，不过对比下来美元应该还是最合算的。印度支持私人货币兑换，你可以在所有游客集中的区域找到货币兑换店，有时候一些商店和珠宝店兼做货币兑换生意，他们给出的汇率要高于银行，所以不用非找银行兑换。不过很多私人兑换店只收面值为50和100的美元。注意，兑换货币时候，一定要问清有没有手续费、税费等，以免奸商钻空子。虽然按照兑换店老板所说汇率一直下跌，但是按照我的感觉，加尔各答的汇率最高，德里次之，最不划算的是阿格拉和阿姆利则，德里Main Bazzar内一家比较大的连锁兑换店给的人民币兑换汇率最高。加尔各答 1美元：53卢比（机场给的汇率是1美元：49多，还要收取手续费）瓦拉纳西 1美元：51.5卢比德里 1美元：51.8卢比（临回国时候，汇率为1美元：52卢比）阿姆利则 1美元：51卢比阿格拉 1美元：51卢比斋普尔 1美元：51.5卢比焦特布尔 1美元：51.5卢布一般情况下，一个城市正式的货币兑换店间给的汇率几乎一样，砍价基本上都没有用。关于印度消费水平和购物作为一个大国，印度物价极其便宜，可能因为印度并不算是一个旅游大国，商店、餐馆面对的更多是本国消费者，所以所有价格转换成人民币你都会觉得便宜的要死，我在德里就眼看到两个西方女孩一人抱买了五六条毛毯带走。印度很多商品也都是全国统一定价，价格就直接印在包装上，不用担心被黑心摊贩所要高价。在印度没有超市，但你随时都能找到各种市场，这里既经营老百姓日常生活所需的油盐酱醋茶，又经营各种衣服、鞋帽、日用品，在印度购物你不会觉得太困难。对于喜欢手工艺品和异域风情服饰的人来说印度绝对是购物天堂，这里充满印度特色的各种商品加上便宜的价格令人无法抗拒。其实除了德里、阿格拉和拉贾斯坦，我却很少看到旅游纪念品商店，那些经营本地特色商品的商店主要面对的是本地人，所以老板开价一般都不高。对于各城市商品价格，我感觉差距不是很大，尤其是常见的印度服饰、鞋、大理石雕刻、木雕等，不过各城市还有有一些自己独特的东西，譬如阿格拉的大理石刻、焦特布尔的木雕和香料、乌代普尔的细密画和皮具等。关于印度人及印度旅行注意事项很多人说印度人比较坏，尤其是对中国人不友善，经过半个多月的北印旅行，我感觉其实也不是这样的。大多数印度人给人感觉不容易接近，他们一般面无表情的注视着游客，当你冲他们微笑，他们也木然的盯着你，给人一种很凶的感觉，其实经过接触你会发现他们只是羞涩和好奇，不苟言笑，不像尼泊尔和兰卡人那么热情，但是当你有事真的向他们求救，他们会非常乐意帮忙。几次乘车时，我和印度人聊天，他们对中国也毫无敌意，对中国或多或少都有所了解，并且很多人都很有自知之明，认为中国远比印度发达。可能这就是一个民主国家，老百姓可以通过各种媒介了解外面的世界。对于印度的注意事项，LP上作为重点用很大篇幅来介绍印度旅行会遇到的骗局，只要你充分做了攻略，这些老旧的骗局已经完全赶不上世界的发展，只要稍加注意便可以避免。唯一叫人感到最麻烦的就是和每个城市的TUTU司机打交道，他们会利用一切机会来投机取巧，从中获得一点小利，哪怕你给他的价格已经很高了。对于应付TUTU司机我也没有很好的方法，人生地不熟，总能叫他们得到机会，记住一点就好了，一切费用上车前全部谈好，不到目的地坚决不付钱。其它方面，饮食上要注意，尽量不要食用路边食物，饮水尽量喝瓶装水，印度天气炎热，注意防晒和补水，不要去招惹印度的流浪狗，注意防盗等等就好了。对于打疫苗我感觉全凭自己需要，打了安心，不打也没有问，并不像报道的那样这里有着各种传染病。总体来说，印度远没有大家想象的那么差，虽然它很贫穷、它很落后、它脏乱差，但是这些和印度所带给你的各种心灵震撼比完全是微不足道的。瓦拉纳西，恒河晨浴焦特布尔，梅兰加尔下的那片蓝乌代普尔，城市宫殿与皮丘拉湖阿格拉，夕阳下的阿格拉堡加尔各答，维多利亚宫德里，红堡加尔各答，一切都是未知在决定去印度旅行那一刻起，我就不断地否定自己，是不是这个决定做的过于草率和盲目这种不安心情有点像我第一次背包旅行，一切都是那么的不确定尽管读了大量的攻略、做了最详细的计划、甚至订好了每一段的车票“不可思议的印度”俨然变成“按部就班的印度”但是我的心里还是忐忑不安，不敢畅想这接下来几个未知的日子当飞机缓缓降落的那刻起，我的心才开始兴奋起来-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2012.9.30Kolkata到达加尔各答已经是晚上12点飞机上广播着当地的天气，34度的气温和80%的湿度，叫从中国北方来的我咋舌加尔各答国际机场并不大，设施简单，不过服务到位，停机坪到入境大厅也就百米距离，却有摆渡车接送外籍人入境窗口排队的只有我们十几个中国游客，看样子来印度，尤其是加尔各答的中国人非常少办理手续很简单，没有遇到曾经网上提到过的刁难、索贿等现象，只是办事人员严肃表情的叫你畏惧顺利入关拿到托运行李后就去兑换卢比机场只有两个货币兑换窗口，汇率一样，且都要收取手续费我只换了30美元，保证当晚的坐车和住宿，机场给的汇率太低了预订加尔各答住宿时候咨询机场接站需要700Rs，和房费差不多，后来放弃这个想法在很多攻略里提到印度的机场、车站都有正规的预付费出租车（Pre-Pay Taxi），安全且明码价找到预付费出租车柜台，服务人员告诉我们，到Royd街只要230Rs远远低于网上说的400Rs，刚刚那种挨宰的感觉立刻抛之脑后，欣然接受打印出来的票面上有你要去的目的地和出租车车牌号切记不到目的地，不要把车票给出租车司机，这是他们回来拿钱的唯一凭证，LP上有讲各种乘车骗局出了机场大门，就有大量出租车司机蜂拥上来，争问着我要去哪里给他们看了眼手里的车票，他们指着远处的亭子便散开了那个亭子是预付费出租车管理亭，里面没有电灯，黑漆漆一片服务员拿过车票，借着路灯光亮做了记录，叫我们在亭外等着不一会一辆出租车开过来当我确认上车后，一个黑瘦的服务员问我要10美金做小费，我摇摇头说没有他又要100Rs说是车费，我拿着票说已经付过了，他才很不情愿的放弃出了机场，出租车在路上飞驰窗外建筑低矮破旧、灯光昏暗，汽车在坑挖的道路上无序的穿来穿去景色和加德满都何等的相似车开了半个多小时，还没有一丁点大城市的感觉没有见到高楼大厦、也没有见到宽阔的道路汽车在狭窄的巷子里穿梭，两边都是凌乱不堪的房子偶尔能看到有人横七竖八的睡在街边只是灯光亮了许多经过数次打听总算到了我预定的Sunflower Guest House下车后先看到三个同机的中国朋友，她们正无助的转来转去原来客栈大门已关，这里也没有前台，只有一个服务员睡在电梯边，但她们呼唤了半天，服务员没有半点醒意思不得已，Amy推醒那个服务员，询问他在哪里Check in，我们预定了房间服务员指指电梯，然后又好似睡去我们几个人无奈的自己开了电梯门，发现这个古董电梯我们根本不会用足足一分钟后，那个服务员，总算睡眼惺忪的进来了，话也不说，开始操作电梯到了顶层，服务员叩开一间房门，叫醒地上睡着的另外两个服务员就这样，在闷热的房间里，花了1个小时，总算是完成check in，印度人做事太磨蹭了不过我们还是幸运的另一队朋友预订信息却找不到，不过好在还有空房，所以朋友们如果去印度预定酒店，一定要在出发前确认好，印度人做事有时太不靠谱加尔各答住宿较贵，我们订的是比较便宜的房间，房间狭小，窗户也是朝着楼梯间，不过还算干净现在已经都北京时间凌晨5点了，我足足24小时没有合眼，洗了个澡很快睡去不知道怎么一个天明迎接我们 2012.10.1Kolkata可能旅途劳累，一觉睡到闹表响收拾好行李退房，把大包寄存开始了加尔各答简短的一天行程出发前查攻略发现来加尔各答旅行的人很少就算来到加尔各答也是短暂的中转对加尔各答的描述基本都是没有意思所以我计划只在这里停留一天，然后乘晚上火车前往瓦拉纳西不过人算不如天算今天我本计划去维多利亚纪念馆、印度博物馆，但是没想到周一这两个地方全都闭馆最后我和Amy决定先前往维多利亚纪念馆看看，哪怕只看看外表曾经有人这样描述印度----印度肮脏、混乱、贫穷的场景让他一刻也不愿意停留出了客栈大门，我却感觉眼前的景色反而很亲切炙热的太阳、穿梭的TUTU、五颜六色的建筑、肤色黝黑的行人、甚至空气中的气息，都像极兰卡Royd街没有给我任何肮脏、混乱的感觉，反而觉得很悠闲当我们拐出Royd街，加尔各答变成另一个模样，嘈杂、繁忙、混乱街道交织纵横，拿着地图也很难分辨路的方向我和Amy沿着Park St边问边往维多利亚纪念馆方向走路两边巍然耸立着的古老宏伟的英式殖民建筑，路上行人行色匆匆加尔各答，印度最大的城市，现西孟加拉邦的首府，一个拥有1500万人口的大城市加尔各答曾作为英国殖民时期印度首府，一直是英国在印度统治的中心，拥有300多年的历史不过，现在这座城市里稍微端庄一点的建筑物均是英国人的遗产，当年的总督府、法院、中央银行，以及志性的维多利亚纪念馆等等这条通往维多利亚纪念馆的大路叫做尼赫鲁大街公路一侧非常繁华，银行、酒店、商场、饭店比比皆是公路另一侧栅栏里就是麦丹广场，但栅栏外却是大片的垃圾场麦丹广场（Maidan）被人们称为“加尔各答之肺”它是由一块巨大的草坪组成的巨大广场，整个广场树木葱茏，鸟语花香很多当地人来这里散步、野餐或乘凉，还有很多孩子在这里骑马、打板球整个环境宁静和谐，这一切的确与先前所耳闻的印度脏乱差情景有着很大的反差穿过麦丹广场就能看到马路对面的一栋白色建筑这就是维多利亚纪念馆（Victoria Memorial）当我看到它第一眼时就被那这座建筑惊呆了整座白色宫殿矗立在绿草地上，仿佛一艘荡漾在碧波上的白船，高资典雅不过很不走运，我到的当天正值维多利亚纪念馆的休息日，只能参观外围公园即使这样，整座建筑也叫外人唏嘘不已维多利亚纪念馆始建于1901年融合了文艺复兴时期和伊斯兰风格，并融汇了英国、意大利和印度的建筑及雕刻技艺的白色宫殿是加尔各答最美丽的建筑物维多利亚纪念馆的建造目的是为了庆祝维多利亚女王结婚60周年这座见证爱情的建筑如今成为印度青年男女约会的圣地纪念馆前绿草茵茵、碧波荡漾，游客悠闲地漫步湖边清洁的水泥小路上整个维多利亚纪念馆真是美不胜收站在维多利亚纪念馆湖边，可远眺加尔各答市区的高楼整个环境宁静和谐，远离了印度城市的喧嚣和肮脏出了维多利亚纪念馆，已经时至中午加尔各答地处热带，本就潮湿闷热，加上中午太阳炙烤体力透支的我和Amy没有了继续往前走的兴致匆匆看了一眼圣保罗大教堂，便往萨德街走攻略上说萨德街距维多利亚纪念馆只有步行二十分钟的距离我们以印度博物馆为坐，边打听边走，其实就是沿原路返回可是这次我觉得路途好远，麦丹广场好大在烈日下狂走半个小时，总算找到印度博物馆周一，和维多利亚纪念馆一样关门休息据称这里是印度藏品最丰富的纪念馆，没有能进去参观非常遗憾印度，真是放着的钱也不赚印度博物馆外是一片嘈杂的市场主要经营的本地服装、鞋帽、日用品如同天津的大胡同、北京的动物园、上海的七浦路等等过了印度博物馆很快就找到了萨德街这条街两侧如同两个世界一侧是学校、咖啡馆、旅店和小商店，另一侧却是贫民窟这些印度最底层的老百姓在墙根屋檐下搭一块塑料布，地上摆着破旧的锅碗，墙上挂着几个塑料袋他们就在污水横流的街边埋锅煮饭，而空气中弥漫着一股腥臊恶臭的气息这就是他们的栖身之地，有点惨不忍睹萨德街路口处的黄包车我来萨德街的目的就是为了换钱和吃饭不过这次又偏离了目看着岔路口远处的繁华，我离开萨德街，进入了一片非常大市场这里从高科技的数码产品到服装、化妆品、工艺品、食品应有尽有街道中间则被小吃摊、小商贩摆的各种摊位所占据不过这里却找不到想找的货币兑换店和像样的餐馆离开这片嘈杂的市场返回萨德街这条东西方向的小街才是背包客聚集地街内布满了各式各样的旅馆、餐馆、网吧、及外汇兑换店在这里可以看到行行色色的各国的游客问了几家货币兑换店汇率都是一样，想还价也都遭到拒绝这就是国情的差异，同样是私人的货币兑换，却都是固定汇率换完钱后就是解决午餐初来乍到，还真不敢尝试印度街边的食物最后找到一家非常干净的小饭店点了在兰卡常吃的鸡肉炒饭和很多人攻略里推荐的印度黄油鸡美美午餐一顿餐后我和Amy计划前往泰戈尔故居和胡戈里河我们来到尼赫鲁大街，发现大量的游行队伍高举着镰刀斧头旗帜，我们陷入了红色的海洋加尔各答是印度共产主义的强大基地印度**控制的左翼阵线在西孟加拉邦连续执政达30年，是世界上执政时间最长的民主选举的**政府下到Esplande地铁站完全叫人窒息售票窗口排满了人，这和中国早晚高峰无异而且整个地铁站没有空调和电扇，闷热无比商量后，我们决定放弃前往其它地方，只在萨德街附近闲逛，好好休息，晚上还要坐一宿火车这一大片区域就是加尔各达著名的New Market，已经有150年的历史是加尔各答最繁华的商业区New Market周围都是各种古老雄伟的殖民建筑下午的市场更加热闹随着人流漫步其间，不由得感叹，加尔各达真是个充满生活气息的城市就这样走走停停在New Market周围耗了整整一下午时间几乎走遍每一条街道市场是有各种各样出售民族服饰和纪念品的摊点明码价，非常便宜因为这些都不是为游客准备的晚饭后，我们返回客栈取行李因害怕路上耽搁，晚上8点的火车，不到6点我们就出发了出了门就开始空难重重拦下路边的TUTU车，司机一听去火车站，直接摇头不去不得已，我们又步行到Park St看着飞驰的出租车，我们根本打不到，或者说不知道怎么打车路两边高高的栏杆围着，伸手招呼出租车，出租车司机根本就看不到不得已我们背着大包在Park St两侧窜来窜去，如热锅上的蚂蚁最后总算强行拦下一辆出租车出租车离开繁华的Park St，沿着麦丹广场往北开驶过宏伟的维多利亚宫和威廉古堡后，道路变的极其拥堵，而且毫无秩序汽车走走停停，经过近一个小时的爬行，终于看到了灯火通明的大桥我本计划白天来胡各里河上参观豪拉大桥和加尔各答城的如今在夜幕下的河两岸显得异常安静，只有星星点点一些灯光倒影到是豪拉大桥上灯火辉煌，车火马龙、热闹非凡过了大桥,那座宏伟的红色建筑便是豪拉火车站这里更是难以名状的拥挤，出租车把站前广场和进站口挤得水泄不通经过一翻奋战，终于进了车站大厅站在来回涌动的滚滚人流中，我再一次感到窒息这里的人已经不能用多来形容放眼望去，视力能及的地方都是人，唯一的一点空隙也都有人在穿梭印度火车站是不需要检票便可以进入的，也不需要安检，更没有什么车站工作人员一般情况下都是自己去电子提示牌看火车停靠站台在这种场景下，我有些不知所措哪里有问讯处？哪里有休息室？哪里有电子提示牌？我的眼里只剩下人好在时间尚早，我和Amy边打听边找站台后来总算找到几个军人问清了我们所乘火车的站台我和Amy坐在站台一角，看着穿梭不息的人群，不由得恐惧我们从来就没有见过这么多人哪怕中国春运和这里比也是小巫见大巫可这却是印度火车站的常态回想起这短短一天的加尔各答之行，心中感触还是蛮深的很多人把加尔各答比作上海同样是位于一条大河的入海口，临江望海，鱼米之乡，却在帝国主义的炮舰胁迫下开放通商作为曾经王朝的首都，经济、文化、交通的中心这里拥有许多哥特式建筑、巴洛克建筑、罗曼式建筑、东方式和伊斯兰建筑这里诞生了不少世界知名的诗人、思想家印度有五位诺贝尔获奖者来自加尔各答但是随着社会的发展逐渐沉沦，并成为印度的一个缩影巍然耸立的欧式建筑、富丽堂皇的酒店商铺与狭窄昏暗的街道、数不清的贫民窟交织在一起1500万的人口已经成为这个城市的负担我们留给加尔各答的时间太短了，多少有些遗憾在加尔各答有很多事情可以去做，而不像很多攻略中提到的“毫无看头”离开加尔各答的时刻终于要到了我随着熙熙攘攘的人流，匆忙窜上火车，恐怕错过一样我的下一个目的地----瓦拉纳西那里是最脏乱差的印度那里还是最精彩的印度瓦拉纳西，地狱还是天堂如果你问我去印度旅行一定不要错过哪里，我会告诉你瓦拉纳西如果你问我印度哪个城市最有特点，我会告诉你瓦拉纳西如果你问我对印度哪个城市印象深刻，我还会告诉你瓦拉纳西对于所有来印度旅行的旅行者来说瓦拉纳西似乎永远是一个让人纠结又恨又爱的地方这里是浓缩的印度在这里你能发现印度最糟糕的一面在这里你还会发现印度最精彩的一面--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2012.10.2Varanasi早上不到八点我就在嘈杂的火车上醒来一路上火车晃荡的厉害，我睡睡醒醒，但整体来说睡的不错坐在铺位上望着窗外印度不像中国，大片的荒地，几乎看不到人活动的痕迹火车不出意料的晚点了当火车穿过恒河，我知道瓦拉纳西就在眼前了加尔各答火车站人山人海的场面，回想起来我还心有余悸对于瓦拉纳西做好了充足的心理准备瓦拉纳西是出了名的脏乱城市那些令人畏惧的关于记录恒河的图片和纪录片几乎都是在瓦拉纳西拍的十点多我挤下火车火车站候车大厅地上同样躺满了人，与加尔各答何等的相似这样的场景让我一分钟都不想停留匆匆离开火车站出了车站，很快就我们就被一TUTU司机缠上，不停的告诉我他是司机，可以推荐便宜的旅馆我一边摆着手说着谢谢不需要，一边往预付费出租车站走TUTU司机貌似看出我的心思，一边给我指路，一边告诉我他也是预付费车站的出租车司机看着车站排着长长的队伍，我有些犹豫，就和那个TUTU司机商量到老城的价格最终60Rs成交，这个价格略高于攻略中的价格，还算合理TUTU司机把我们带到他的TUTU车上，问我有没有Guide Book我把手中的LP给他，他一边翻着书一边问我是不是韩国人我就顺口说是啊，TUTU司机立刻用韩语问我好，我也学着用韩语回答着这时TUTU司机翻开瓦拉纳西的地图，告诉我Assi Ghat附近有多么多么好多么多么便宜酒店，而且那里有很多韩国人由于那里离我想去的老城很远，我拒绝了，并要求到老城的Ganga Fuji Guest House司机说那里路很窄，TUTU进不去，然后继续和我说他要带我去的酒店有多么多么好我对迷宫小巷早有耳闻，TUTU车进不去，但是那里住宿集中，离Main Ghat也近，我依然坚持到老城的Ganga Fuji最后司机不太情愿的同意了其实我并没有预订瓦拉纳西的住宿选择Ganga Fuji是网上推荐并且说那里是迷宫小巷的地性建筑，当地人都知道我和Amy准备到了那再找合适住宿TUTU车冲出车站天气很热，加上气候干燥，整个城市笼罩在灰尘之中瓦拉纳西的路不算宽，遍地垃圾自行车、汽车、摩托车、人力三轮车随意在路上行驶着，车速非常快这里的交通可以用无序来形容我们的TUTU车画着之子在车流中穿梭TUTU司机用印度英语和我聊着天我几乎听不懂，Amy给我翻译着TUTU司机说很多和我们一样来瓦拉纳西的旅行者，都说自己是韩国人但是经过交流发现这些人根本不是韩国人，因为他们说的话根本不像韩语这些旅行者要么是日本人，要么是中国人，要么是来自台湾我偷偷把中文的攻略盖上，小声和Amy说，咱们俩说话后面要加上“思密达”吧后面发生了惊险的一幕司机一边和我们聊着天，一边开着TUTU车，车速飞快这时前面一辆小汽车突然刹车，TUTU司机一看要追尾，立刻向右一拐与此同时后面窜上来一辆摩托车，直接撞在我们的TUTU上摩托司机站起来，怒目而视，嚷嚷起来只见TUTU司机指着前面的小汽车，也大吼起来，好像是说前面汽车急刹车我也没办法，只能躲他，撞到你你认倒霉吧看样子可能要打起来就在我惊魂未定的时候，TUTU司机一踩油门离开肇事地点然后TUTU司机回过头和我继续聊着先前话，仿佛没有发生任何事情这就是印度混乱的交通，这就是不可思议的印度TUTU司机把我们拉倒加油站，说要加油然后找我要60Rs，说他早晨没有挣到钱，叫我先付了车费，然后一个劲的说No problem，会把我们送到，叫我放心我感觉这个司机很热情，而且我也不能太不信任别人，我就替他付了油钱后面TUTU司机一样边开车边给我们介绍着瓦拉纳西，告诉我们每一个地方的特点，依然很热情TUTU车开了很久，却不见任何城市热闹的场景，反而越走越荒凉不久TUTU车拐进一条小巷，然后停下来，告诉我下车，里面开不进去了我以为这就是迷宫小巷，连忙道谢TUTU司机叫我们跟着他，说他带我们去Ganga Fuji我和Amy将信将疑的跟着TUTU司机把我们带进到一个居民楼下，说这里就是Ganga Fuji，然后边招呼我们边和客栈老板用印地语交流着我们站在门口发现这里没有任何牌子Amy机警的问客栈老板这是Ganga Fuji吗？老板含糊的说是然后客栈老板问我们住什么样的房间，我们说先看看房间情况再决定老板带我们上楼看房间，Amy和我还是很疑惑，这么有名的客栈不可能没有牌匾啊这家客栈房间倒是宽敞、干净，有的房间还可以眺望到恒河，空调间750Rs不过我和Amy还是非常怀疑这个客栈的身份，决定再看看离开时，Amy和老板要名片，老板说已经发完了出了门，Amy到隔壁问这家客栈名字，邻居也说不清楚我们确信这是假冒的Ganga Fuji，决定自己找TUTU司机看我们要离开就一直纠缠着我们当我们打听路，他会用印地语和对方说着什么，好像阻止对方给我们指路当我们决定往小巷的某一侧走的时候，他总是说路不对，然后指引我们往相反的方向走最后把我逼的忍无可忍，大吼着把他赶走这就是来到印度厚我们遇到的第一件不愉快的事情因为我提前付了钱，这个TUTU司机就没有把我们带到我们要去的老城，而是把我们带到了能收取回扣的客栈这里位置非常偏远，应该在Assi Ghat附近，正常情况下很少有游客到这边的打发走了TUTU司机，我和Amy边打听边往沿着恒河往城里走这时候已经时至中午，潮湿闷热的瓦拉纳西很快叫我们两人都感到虚脱最后在一条小巷找到了网上推荐过的OM Guest House（阿木之家）和久美子（kumiko Guest House）我们先到OM，这里房间虽然很简陋，也没有空调和热水淋浴，但是体力透支使我们不想在背着大包去其它地方，决定就住在这里OM不知道是不是韩国人经营的旅店，这里住满了韩国游客而隔壁的久美子却是日本旅行者的聚集地舒舒服服的冲了个冷水澡，饥热交迫使我们顾不得去什么恒河，随便到门口一家餐馆填饱肚子饭后，我们沿着小巷主路去逛恒河和迷宫小巷在印度，印度教信徒终生怀有4大乐趣----住瓦拉纳西、结交圣人、饮恒河水、敬仰湿婆神其中有三个都要在瓦拉纳西实现瓦拉纳西因为独特的地理位置成为了印度教徒眼中唯一的圣城,享有“印度之光”的称号瓦拉纳西原名贝拿勒斯（Benares），相传6000年前由婆罗门教和印度教主神之一的湿婆神所建早在公元前4至6世纪，这里已是印度的学术中心，并在此诞生了印度另一古老的宗教耆那教公元前5世纪，释迦牟尼在瓦拉纳西西北10公里处的鹿野苑首次公开讲经传教公元7世纪，唐僧玄奘到此游历朝圣，并写下著作《大唐西域记》美国作家马克·吐温当年来这里讲学时，幽默地称这座城市“比历史古老，比传统古老，甚至比传说还要古老。它看起来比所有这一切加起来还要老上两倍多”。由此可见，瓦拉纳西不仅在印度、甚至在全世界上来讲，都是一座沉淀了丰厚历史与文化的名城不过我对瓦拉纳西的第一印象却是肮脏、拥挤、狭窄、杂乱无章街道两旁的建筑像快要倒塌一样，压得人喘不过气来小巷阴森恐怖，地上遍布牛粪、狗屎、垃圾，腥臭扑鼻神牛、野狗还有猴子会随时出现在你面前，阻挡你前行的方向摩托车、自行车却在不足2米宽拥挤的小巷内飞奔着男人毫不避讳外人就在街边蹲着小便可以说瓦拉纳西比你能想象的最脏乱的情景还要脏乱上两倍对于眼前的现状，我几乎丧失了继续待下去的兴趣，希望快点离开瓦拉纳西相对我的恐慌，Amy却欣然接受了眼前的一切她说这混乱、肮脏、无序的环境，充满了生活的气息，与这个城市的神圣与信仰形成了鲜明的对比对于瓦拉纳西的混乱，我几乎没有去拍，或者说那时那景我几乎不知道如何去拍照几经辛苦终于来到恒河边上阴沉沉的天气下，恒河显得异常浑浊，岸边的淤泥里沉积着所有能想象到的腐烂物河里有人在畅快的沐浴祷告，野牛和野狗在河边淤泥里找着食物，僧人在河边打坐冥思，河中偶尔有船只飘过纵然我做了充分心理准备，对于眼前的场面怎么也不能和神圣挂钩离开热闹的Dasaswamedh Ghat，返回迷宫小巷，去寻找金庙、著名的Blue Lassi和Scindhia Ghat瓦拉那西最著名的印度教寺庙金庙坐落迷宫小巷中，附近有大量警察和士兵把守因为供奉的是湿婆神，这里人气极其旺盛，每天都有大量信徒排队进入进入参观是不允许携带背包、相机、手机等物品，搜查极其严格看到长长的队伍，我们再次选择放弃过了金庙往前就是著名的Blue Lassi，LP上极力推荐，各国游客慕名而来这家蓝色的开凿在墙上的小店，出售不同口味的Lassi，纯手工制作，很有特点，是我在印度吃的最好吃的Lassi由于攻略中错误，我误以为Scindihia Ghat是焚尸河阶经过不停打听找到Scindihia Ghat，这里只有大量沐浴的人群看焚尸场面，应该说是来瓦拉纳西必做的事情之一印度教徒坚信凡在恒河死亡火化并把骨灰撒入恒河，可免受轮回之苦，直接升入天堂所以很多觉得即将死亡的老人会来到瓦拉纳西等待死亡而焚尸台每天也约有200多具尸体在此焚化，一天24小时都不停歇真正的焚尸河阶叫做Manikarnika Ghat，在Scindihia Ghat边当我们到达Scindihia不久天空便飘起小雨我们不得不放弃去Manikarnika的计划离开Scindihia，返回客栈休息，等着晚上恒河夜祭到瓦拉纳西必须要做的第二件事就是观看恒河夜祭每天晚上七点在恒河边的Dasaswamedh Ghat都要举行拜祭河神的仪式印度教徒以此感恩于恒河所赐予的一切，以示对恒河的崇敬这个流传千年的祭典沿袭每天都在这里上演，风雨不改我们到的较晚，台阶上、祭台前后、河边的船上已经都坐满了信众与游人Dasaswamedh Ghat回荡着悠扬的颂歌声整个夜祭过程是祭司用整齐、徐缓、不断重复的动作，并和着悠扬的吟唱仪式上共五种法器，每换一种法器，致敬程序基本相同，礼敬仪式都分别朝东南西北各做一遍祭司都必须是年轻纯正婆罗门氏，通过吟唱、舞蹈等表演，让人体会到宗教仪式的魔力([]

午夜探花视频

杜得齐

引言：从2月17日到2月24日，那个几乎每天都在线的NSEWSINCENOW(那谁)突然销声匿迹了，这究竟是怎么回事？那谁去哪了？--北京ISPO纪实鸣谢：因为不能对全部行程做出详尽的影像记录，在本文中部分引用了乐天狗、东北王、CC688、浏阳、天之澜、洗砚池1、北岳驴、慢了3/4拍等各位好友发到网上的照片，并加注水印记，在此一并表示感谢，如果伤害到了您的利益，请您及时通知我，我会及时加以修正。梦想启航003楼文化古街相约ISPO 8264展台户外先锋天伦天展台 043楼 082楼 092楼 118楼 155楼最美西藏汇聚巅峰炮局文化广场升旗会展拾贝 170楼 244楼 274楼 305楼 320楼66号公路自由梦想大家都懂探访总部相约2015 432楼 447楼 472楼 491楼 538楼梦想启航 ISPO –超过四十年历史的全球运动风向ISPO MUNICH-慕尼黑国际体育用品博览会（原名ISPO），每年2月在德国慕尼黑举行。自1971年始办以来已经成功地举办了72届，是世界上体育用品及运动时尚领域中最重要、最具影响力、规模最大的综合性展览会。四十多年来，ISPO MUNICH始终为全球的运动商业发展和交流提供了领先的服务平台。 ISPO BEIJING –辉映新兴的亚太运动用品市场ISPO BEIJING亚洲运动用品与时尚展由慕尼黑展览（上海）有限公司主办。从2005年首次举办至今，ISPO BEIJING已发展成一个专业运动用品商贸平台，其影响力辐射至整个亚太地区。在近10年的时间里，ISPO BEIJING积极推动着中国运动用品产业商贸环境的快速良性发展，使全世界的目光都聚焦在亚洲运动用品市场的崛起和革新，吸引国际品牌进入这一地区。与此同时，ISPO BEIJING更致力于扶植本土品牌，为品牌商、渠道商和消费者架起一座互通桥梁。在这一激动人心的过程中，ISPO BEIJING强调传统文化和创新理念的融合，巩固和支持专业商贸的发展，推动方兴未艾的新型运动用品和运动时尚市场展现勃勃生机怀揣着这个梦想，启程参加这个户外盛宴 NSEWSINCENOW那谁，从懵懂进入户外，由一个野爬的门外汉，一点一点在大家的身上汲取到更多的户外知识，了解到参与户外活动真正的意义，又在8264上结识了众多的兄弟姐妹，并得到他们的帮扶，这其中就有好多是巅峰的各期学员，平日里在天伦天群中互动，在站内通过各种活动相互学习，取得了进步，此次进京的目的，其实就是要向各位户外的前辈导师和伙伴们当面请教，同时也结识更多的户外同路人，掌握更多的户外信息。鞍山到北京的路程不算太远，可是我却走了一轮春夏秋冬初春的夜晚，人们还沉浸在节日的气息中，候车室似乎有些冷清，不过我的心已不能平静～夜深人静了，旅客都已入睡，可我睡意全无，任凭思绪在信马游缰～车到锦州站，这里有我尊敬的天涯大哥，他一定还会是自驾进京，那咱们就京城见吧～进入河北境内，太阳能装置逐渐多了，平房适合这种低碳环保设施的安装。在北京周边的河北地界，是大大小小的钢铁厂，落后的产能，对能源的大量消耗，以及对环境的破坏程度，已不适应可持续发展的需求，希望再次路过时，不要再看到你们～车到山海关，车辆进行例行保养。秦皇岛是自驾版总版主，俺虎啸风吟大哥的地盘，不知您老这回是否也进京转转？进京了～价格低廉的绿皮车，只在北京站还能看到，消费水平决定它还要继续存在一段时间。整洁干净的站台和车箱，凝聚着众多铁路职工的心血，你们辛苦了！我是坐着这列火车到的北京。([]

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姜贤喜

斯里兰卡是印度半岛南端印度洋中的一个岛国，北临孟加拉湾，西濒阿拉伯海，为印度洋东西方海上交通必经之地面积65610平方公里。人口1580万(1985)。僧伽罗人占72％,泰米尔人占20.5％,摩尔人占 6.7％，柏格人和马来人占 0.8％。僧伽罗语为官方语言，泰米尔语为民族语言，社会上层通用英语。居民67.3％信奉佛教，17.6％信奉印度教，7.9％信奉基督教，7.1％信奉伊斯兰教。首都科伦坡。中国古书称之为师子国僧伽罗国、僧诃罗国等。僧伽罗系梵语 Simhala一词的音译，意为狮子。古代阿拉伯航海家称其为“宝岛.锡兰”目前“锡兰”一称仍通用。如对斯里兰卡有兴趣的朋友，有想到斯里兰卡自助游的兴趣（附带说一句，斯里兰卡和中国一向友好，是最适合中国人去自助游的国家之一）；可跟贴就你所想详细了解和有疑问的地方提出，我会尽量详细就我所知解答。下文预告；本人独自在印度自助流浪历时23天，从印度最东面的加尔各答横穿到印度最西面的阿姆利则，沿途所见所闻精彩粉呈。近期将整理出来以飨各位朋友。斯里兰卡有两千多年文字记载的历史。来自南亚次大陆北部的雅利安移民约在公元前 6世纪来到兰卡岛，先在沿海地区落脚，然后沿河流向内地迁移，建立若干沿河村落并种植水稻。移民中最强大的是僧伽罗人。这一名称后来成了所有移民的共同名称。雅利安移民的政治制度是婆罗门式的。在南印度种姓制度影响下，逐渐形成斯里兰卡独特的种姓制度，构成了僧伽罗村社制度的基础。 2500年前，来自北印度的雅利安人移民至锡兰岛建立了僧伽罗王朝。前247年，印度孔雀王朝的阿育王派其子来岛弘扬佛教，受到当地国王的欢迎，从此僧伽罗人摈弃婆罗门教而改信佛教。公元前2世纪前后，南印度的泰米尔人也开始迁徙并定居锡兰岛。从公元5世纪至16世纪，岛内僧伽罗王国和泰米尔王国之间征战不断。16世纪初先后被葡萄牙（1505—1658）和荷兰（1658—1796）统治。 18世纪末，斯里兰卡成为英国殖民地，并在二战中成为盟军在南亚对抗日军入侵的海军基地。当时的锡兰总督兼三军总司令是以善于调和种族关系而著称的郝德杰（任锡兰总督时间为1937.10.16—1944.9.19）。1948年2月4日获得独立，定国名锡兰。1972年5月22日改称斯里兰卡共和国。1978年8月16日改国名为斯里兰卡民主社会主义共和国。斯里兰卡自助游，分别为：文化之旅、海滨之旅、高山之旅和生态之旅。一、文化之旅。在斯里兰卡这个小小岛屿国家中，分布着与埃及一样多的，共6处世界遗产，可谓是个奇迹。充分展示了斯里兰卡有文字记载的2000多年的文明史。由皇城康提、圣城阿努拉德普勒、古城波隆纳鲁沃这3个城市构成的三角区，被称为“文化金三角”。在这个三角区内，汇聚了多达5处该国的世界文化遗产。这里有巨大的古建筑群；有2500多年前的宫殿和石刻；有古都的遗址、花岗岩的雕像、高耸入云的巨型舍利塔。参观、体验这些文化遗产，可令人充满惊奇和振奋，焕发人的灵感，让人感受到这是一次文化之旅、精神之旅。1、“文化金三角”世界遗产分布情况。（1）康提（Kandy）一处：佛牙寺（Temple of Tooth Relics）。（2）丹布勒（Dumbulla）二处：丹布勒金庙石窟（The Golden Temple and Rock Temple of Dambulla）、锡吉里耶狮子岩（Sigiriya the Lion Rock）。（3）阿努拉德普勒（Anuradhapura）一处：由菩提树、千柱寺，及数个超巨型舍利塔组成。（4）波隆纳鲁沃（Polonnaruwa）一处：嘎里亚那（Galvihara）古城遗址。（5）南海之滨的世界文化遗产。斯里兰卡全国共6处世界文化遗产中，有5处在“文化金三角”，另一处在南海之滨的加勒（Galle）。是17世纪建造的，位于一座岛礁上的荷兰城堡。二、海滨之旅。斯里兰卡这个海岛拥有1340公里长的海岸线，以及数百个沙滩。这些沙滩中，已经开发出来，供游人休闲的多达几十个。其数量之多，质量之好，环境之美，都是绝无仅有的。这是大自然对斯里兰卡人民的慷慨赐予。斯里兰卡的海滨度假胜地，集中在这个海岛的西南部海岸。在不到200公里长的距离中，大大小小已经开发出的海滩就有几十个。其中几个较大的海滩各具特色、名声在外。 1、几个值得一去的主要海滩。（1）尼甘布（Negombo）距科伦坡37公里，距国际机场仅有6公里。因其位置优势，这里常年吸引了大量刚刚到达，或者准备离开斯里兰卡的各国游客。这里也是首都科伦坡民众节假日最好的休闲之地。（2）卡卢特勒（Kalutara）距科伦坡42公里。这里除了拥有迷人的海滩和众多的五星级酒店外，还有一座庄严的3层佛教寺庙，以及里面的那座世界独一无二的空心佛塔。（3）本托塔（Bentota）距科伦坡62公里。这里有宽广如画的海滩；有大型海滨度假村和星级饭店；有独特的古董店；有斯里兰卡驰名建筑师巴瓦兄弟花园。在本托塔河上，游人还可乘船在内河游览和进行各种水上运动。（4）希克杜沃（Hikkaduwa）距科伦坡98公里。这里是全岛最有名的海滩之一。希克杜沃以潜水运动和珊瑚礁闻名。同样出名的还有冲浪和丰富多彩的夜生活。海边既有很多顶级海景酒店，附近也有背包客能接受的舒适客栈。（5）乌纳瓦吐纳（Unawatuna）距科伦坡116公里；距世界文化遗产，加勒的荷兰古城堡仅4公里。乌纳瓦吐纳号称世界12大顶级海滩之一。这里有奇妙的潜水区域；有像沙丁鱼罐头一样挤在一起的，让游人放松的沙滩；有丰富的夜生活；有许多性价比不高，但却符合市场经济规律，比三亚划算得多的酒店和度假村。（6）韦利格默（Weligama）距科伦坡143公里。这里风景迷人，绵延10多公里的海岸线上，全是大大小小的沙滩。海面上有端坐在木杆上垂钓的渔民和游弋的双体船；海岸边有名气很大，但规模很小的金枪鱼市场。（7）美蕊沙（Mirissa）距科伦坡155公里。这里的漂亮海湾，散发着原始、迷人的气息。游人们评价说：这里是斯里兰卡南部最美的海滩。在美蕊沙，除了冲浪、潜水、休闲外，最富特色，最吸引人的就是，在当年的11月至次年的5月，乘船出海看鲸鱼、海豚和飞鱼。（8）马特勒（Matara）距科伦坡163公里，公交大巴车程约5小时。这里是海岛南部顶端的一座大型海滨城市。在城边海岸的突出沙滩上，可以看到清晨太阳从海中冉冉升起，傍晚又从海中缓缓落下的罕见自然景观。这里还是游人去附近几个著名海滩远足的，最佳的中转站和大本营。（9）坦加勒（Tangalle）距科伦坡195公里。这里有世所罕见，几乎渺无人烟，拥有宽阔漂亮沙滩，长达10多公里，能够一览无遗的巨型、正圆形弧形海岸线。眼前不时跃出水面的银鱼，和那不断掠过水面的上百只海鸥，伴随着生生不息的海浪，引人遐想，令人忘我。（10）瑞卡瓦（Rekawa）距科伦坡205公里。在这里，在相应季节的夜晚满月时，可以看到从水下爬到沙滩上，自然繁殖的海龟，还可以与它们亲密接触。这就是高勒到科伦坡的海边火车。在就是传说的海边渔夫三、高山之旅。斯里兰卡有多样的地形地貌，以及由此带来多样化的气候和丰富多彩的自然景观。斯里兰卡南部山区有30多座上千米高的山峰。有这个海岛最高的，海拔2555米的皮杜鲁塔拉格勒山（Mount Pidurutalagala）。在山区的腹心地带，最有名，最受游客青睐的地方是努瓦勒埃利耶（Nuwara Eliya）。这里是斯里兰卡海拔最高的村镇，是美誉度最高的山区旅游胜地，有“小英格兰”之称。村镇周围有高尔夫球场和赛马场，附近有可供垂钓鳟鱼的湖泊、河流。夜晚在零度的气温下，人们穿冬衣戴皮帽，依偎在壁炉边烤火的情景，在这个只有夏天，没有春天、秋天，更没有冬天的热带岛屿上，构成一幅奇特的，引人入胜的自然、人文景观。距努瓦勒埃利耶不太远的南部地区，有景色优美，海拔超过2000米的山区高原霍顿平原（Horton Plains）。霍顿平原上最吸引人的景点是悬崖落差达1000多米，被人们描述得具有极大想象空间的：“世界的尽头（World’s End）”。科伦坡和康提都有公交车驶往努瓦勒埃利耶。行驶时间分别为3.5小时和2小时。距努瓦勒埃利耶同样不太远的东南部地区，有山区的另一个著名景点埃拉（Ella）。乘火车从努瓦勒埃利耶到埃拉，这条线路是世界上最美的火车线路之一。火车在海拔2000多米高的大片原始森林间，迎着茶园，穿过松涛，沿着陡峭的峡谷蜿蜒而行。真个是景在心中，人在画中。四、生态之旅。斯里兰卡除了无所不在，令人神往的海洋景观外，岛上森林密布、河流纵横，无数湖泊镶嵌其间。全岛有12个国家公园，52个自然保护区，占国土面积的12%。其中最著名的是位于海岛南部，被评为世界自然遗产的辛哈拉加森林保护区（Sinharaja Forest Reserve）。最吸引游人的是位于东南沿海的，巨型的自然保护区 —— 雅拉国家公园（Kumana National Park）。在康提附近，有几十头大象的人工保护区品纳维勒大象孤儿院；在狮子岩附近的米内日亚国家公园湖边，最多时可一次出现几十头野生大象；在波隆纳鲁沃的湖边，夕阳西下时，可一次见到数百只鸽子那么大的巨型蝙蝠；湖面上整天都能见到时而浮在水面，时而排队飞行的成千上万只水鸟；在南部海边瑞卡瓦的沙滩上，能在明月下见到上岸繁殖的海龟；在美蕊沙近海，可看到鲸鱼、海豚和飞鱼；........(

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